![]() With the rise of Uniform legislation, states continued to add prenatal requirements in blocks. Sometimes, the legislation included references to prenatal coverage as “lying-in expenses” or “confinement.”īy the turn of the twentieth century, eleven states had requirements for the father to cover prenatal expenses in child support proceedings. Initially, the bastardy and illegitimacy laws took wildly different forms, but they started exhibiting commonalities as territories became new states in groups. Most jurisdictions handled the cases in the form of criminal trials, but they were almost always quasi-civil matters in the sense that the burdens of proof were allowed to be “clear and convincing,” rather than “beyond a reasonable doubt.” When “bastardy” and “illegitimacy” laws initially arose in the late colonial era, the courts would try to collect from the father to cover child support expenses, either by reimbursement to the local funds or as direct payments to the mothers. ![]() Many of the methods of implementation were inherited from English common law. In the early colonial era of what became the United States, it was very common for local governments and charities to care for paupers, indigents, and others who couldn’t care for themselves and had no blood-relatives available to care for them.
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